Peer-learning

Peer-learning in Building 6 group study spaces

Lecturer:
Laurel Dyson

Faculty:
Business, Accounting for Business

Project:
Peer Learning of Key Accounting Concepts through Student Generated Screencasts

Keywords:
Screencasts, peer learning, creativity, stimulation

Dr Laurel Dyson introduced peer learning to improve student engagement and comprehension in a subject with a high failure rate.

What the project is about

The compulsory undergraduate subject Accounting for Business has a large cohort of between 650 and 1450 enrolled students each semester, a high percentage of which failed the subject in the past. Dr Dyson wanted to change this situation and engage those students experiencing difficulties understanding the content or who were not being stimulated by the subject matter.

The project began with an analysis of the ‘problem’ areas within the subject. Dr Dyson used peer learning to tackle some of these problem areas by asking her students to teach each other the content by using a screencast (which is a digital recording of a computer screen, often with audio narration). This allowed them to dissect and present the information in a way that they and their peers would understand, thus deepening their own learning experience.

Dr Dyson intends to re-use the best screencasts to begin a library of learning materials for subsequent semesters, which can be added to as time goes on.

Why the project was introduced

Creativity has been recognised as an important characteristic of professional accountants, but the ways in which formal accounting education fosters this in students was not clear. Dr Dyson saw this absence in her own subject and saw the potential to introduce a creative aspect, which would benefit the students both in their course and in the workforce.

The benefits of peer learning have long been recognised. Dr Dyson saw the opportunity to provide peer learning activities for students to discuss ideas, provide explanations and hear others’ explanations, see other points of view, and work with others in groups on specific problems or issues.

How the project was implemented

Background work for the project began a semester in advance to identify the priority areas within the subject to be targeted with the student’s screencasts.


First, data was collected in three stages:

  • During semester: analysis of students’ answers to questions posed electronically each week. This step revealed students’ thinking about accounting and highlighted threshold concepts which affected their conceptual development later in the subject
  • End of semester: analysis of students’ performance in the multiple-choice exam. This summative analysis of students’ learning formed a basis for grade comparison: pre- and post- peer learning.
  • End of semester: Students were surveyed on the areas they identified as problematic.

From this analysis, accounting concepts and areas of knowledge were identified and ranked, listing students’ problems within the subject.


Next, screencasts were introduced as an optional assignment.

Preparation for the screencasts included optional screencast training sessions and the development of ‘how to’ guides to help students grasp the technical aspects of making screencasts.

  • Students worked in teams of three to create a short screencast (3-5 minutes) using TechSmith software Jing to explain or illustrate one of the problem areas (identified in the data collection) to their fellow students. Students could earn up to 10 bonus marks towards their final grade by producing a screencast, and the more creative they were in explaining the concept, the higher their mark.
  • Students presented their screencasts in their tutorial class.
  • The screencasts were shared on UTSOnline (Subjects are now taught in Canvas) and the best screencasts were used:
  • By tutors in other tutorial classes for teaching key concepts.
  • In the final exam preparation/revision lecture at the end of semester.
Challenges and considerations

The vast majority (90%) of students had never produced a screencast before this class, and just under half of the students had occasionally produced multimedia before. Perhaps due to their inexperience, some students had technical difficulties while filming their screencasts. This prompted Dr Dyson to make sure that better instructions and general support was made available to students and students. This can now be accessed via UTSOnline (Subjects are now taught in Canvas). Just under a quarter of the class participated in the screencast assignment, producing 58 screencasts in total.


After this initial run of the project, the screencast activity has been made into an individual assignment. This will ensure each student produces a screencast (now three minutes maximum), spends time on it to ensure accuracy and, with the support material available, lessen the likelihood of any technical difficulties.

Exploring further
Sampson, J. and Cohen, R. (2001). Strategies for peer learning: some examples. In D. Boud, R. Cohen, & J. Sampson (Eds.), Peer learning in higher education: Learning from & with each other (pp.35-49). Kogan Page, London.
Read...
Ruffini, M.F. (2012). Screencasting to engage learning.
Read...
iPad Screencasting app. Explain everything
Delving even deeper
Sampson, J., Boud, D., Cohen, R. & Gaynor, F. (1999) Designing Peer Learning. UTS.
Read...
Talbert, R. (2013). Data on whether and how students watch screencasts.
Read...