Ecosystem impacts of phosphorus and surfactants in consumer products

Posted on 22 Feb 2021
Updated on 22 Feb 2021
2-minute read

Investigating the environmental impact of household products shows where improvements can be made.

Man and boy cleaning bench with spray bottle

Stewart Investors commissioned ISF to explore the ecosystem impacts of household and personal care consumer products, including laundry detergents, dishwashing detergents, cleaning products, shampoo and soap.

Phosphates are an ingredient in many consumer products, which can contribute to nutrient pollution resulting in algal blooms and poor water quality. The study found that phosphates from consumer products no longer pose a risk to ecosystems in countries or states where these products’ ingredient levels are regulated or restricted through voluntary initiatives, such as in Australia, the EU, USA, Canada, Japan and Brazil. Many large consumer product manufacturers, including the specific companies interviewed for this research, have eliminated or plan to eliminate phosphate from laundry and dishwashing detergent liquids and powders. Some of these companies have committed to this across all markets, even where there are no restrictions. Nevertheless, there are many other locally manufactured products containing phosphates which are sold and continue to pose a risk to ecosystems in countries such as: India, Russia, China, Philippines, Indonesia and Bangladesh.

The study also examined the potential ecosystem impact of surfactants, and found that most surfactants used in consumer products are now biodegradable, which has reduced water pollution. However, there is still less comprehensive scientific knowledge about the ecotoxicity of the many types of surfactants used in consumer products and some surfactants could possible cause ecosystem harm if present at high concentrations.