Bowman, SJ, Hakeem, A, Demant, D, McAloon, J & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Assessing Gender Dysphoria: Development and Validation of the Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire – 2 nd Edition (GPSQ-2)', Journal of Homosexuality, vol. 71, no. 3, pp. 666-690.
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The Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire (GPSQ) is a 14-item measure used to assess the effectiveness of medical, surgical, social, and psychological interventions in trans and gender diverse adults who experience gender dysphoria. One major limitation of the GPSQ is that it was not developed for use with adolescents. This study aims to validate a revised version of the GPSQ, the Gender Preoccupation and Stability Questionnaire-2nd Edition (GPSQ-2) with the aim of adapting the measure to be applicable to individuals aged 13 and above. This research was conducted in three stages: 1) development of the GPSQ-2 to address previously identified issues with validity and comprehensibility of the GPSQ and to increase the applicability of the measure to adolescents; 2) pilot testing, using a purposive sample and semi-structured interviews, to assess the relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness of the GPSQ-2; and 3) validation using a community sample to assess the psychometric properties of the GPSQ-2. The pilot study was conducted with seven participants (Mage = 28.43, SD = 15.50; age range: 13-59). The GPSQ-2 was found to be easy to understand, relevant to individuals who experienced gender dysphoria, and that it did not have any identifiable omissions. The validation study was conducted with 141 participants (Mage = 36.44; SD = 14.76; age range 14-73). The GPSQ-2 was found to be a reliable and valid 14-item scale with two factors: preoccupation and stability. The GPSQ-2 is a structurally sound measure of gender dysphoria that can be used in populations aged 13 and above.
Bryant, L, Sedlarevic, N, Stubbs, P, Bailey, B, Nguyen, V, Bluff, A, Barnett, D, Estela, M, Hayes, C, Jacobs, C, Kneebone, I, Lucas, C, Mehta, P, Power, E & Hemsley, B 2024, 'Collaborative co-design and evaluation of an immersive virtual reality application prototype for communication rehabilitation (DISCOVR prototype)', Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 90-99.
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PURPOSE: Virtual reality (VR) lends itself to communication rehabilitation by creating safe, replicable, and authentic simulated environments in which users learn and practice communication skills. The aim of this research was to obtain the views of health professionals and technology specialists on the design characteristics and usability of a prototype VR application for communication rehabilitation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine professionals from different health and technology disciplines participated in an online focus group or individual online interview to evaluate the application and use of the VR prototype. Data sources were analysed using a content thematic analysis. RESULTS: Four main themes relating to VR design and implementation in rehabilitation were identified: (i) designing rehabilitation-focused virtual worlds; (ii) understanding and using VR hardware; (iii) making room for VR in rehabilitation and training; and (iv) implementing VR will not replace the health professional's role. DISCUSSION: Health professionals and technology specialists engaged in co-design while evaluating the VR prototype. They identified software features requiring careful consideration to ensure improved usability, client safety, and success in communication rehabilitation outcomes. Continuing inclusive co-design, engaging health professionals, clients with communication disability, and their families will be essential to creating useable VR applications and integrating these successfully into rehabilitation. Implications for rehabilitationHealth and technology professionals, along with clients, are integral to the co-design of new VR technology applications.Design of VR applications needs to consider the client's communication, physical, cognitive, sensory, psychosocial, and emotional needs for greater usability of these programs.Realism and authenticity of interactions, characters, and environments are considered important factors to allow users to be fully immersed in v...
Burley, J & McAloon, J 2024, 'Group acceptance and commitment therapy for adolescent anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis', Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science, vol. 31, pp. 100712-100712.
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Denson, TF, Watson, P, Yeong, A, Armstrong, A, Beames, JR & Bertsch, K 2024, 'Eye tracking shows no substantive relationships between individual differences related to aggression and visual attention to unambiguously violent stimuli', Personality and Individual Differences, vol. 217, pp. 112425-112425.
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Jukic, I, Prnjak, K, Helms, ER & McGuigan, MR 2024, 'Modeling the repetitions‐in‐reserve‐velocity relationship: a valid method for resistance training monitoring and prescription, and fatigue management', Physiological Reports, vol. 12, no. 5, p. e15955.
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AbstractEstablishing a relationship between repetitions left in reserve and the mean absolute velocity (RIR‐velocity relationship) during resistance training (RT) could allow for objective monitoring, prescription, and real‐time adjustment of the training load and set‐volume. Therefore, we examined the goodness of fit and prediction accuracy of general and individual RIR‐velocity relationships in the free‐weight back squat exercise. The effects of sex, training status and history, as well as personality traits, on the goodness of fit and the accuracy of these relationships were also investigated. Forty‐six resistance‐trained people (15 females and 31 males) performed a one‐repetition maximum (1RM) test, and two repetitions to failure (RTF) tests 72 h apart. We found greater goodness of fit of individual RIR‐velocity relationships compared to general RIR‐velocity relationships. Individual, but not general RIR‐velocity relationships established in the first testing session yielded acceptable prediction accuracy of RIR (mean error <2 repetitions) in the subsequent testing session, regardless of the load used. Similar results were obtained when both general and individual RIR‐velocity relationships were averaged across the loads, suggesting that a single RIR‐velocity relationship covering a range of loads can be used instead of traditional RT methods, potentially allowing for better fatigue management and more efficient adaptation.
Kemmis-Riggs, J, Dickes, A, Berle, D & McAloon, J 2024, 'Improving parent-child relationships for young parents in the shadow of complex trauma: A Single‑Case Experimental Design Series', Child Psychiatry and Human Development, vol. 55, pp. 94-106.
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This study provides a preliminary evaluation of a dyadic intervention for young parents with a history of complex trauma, Holding Hands Young Parents (HHYP). Four mothers (17–22 years) and toddlers (12–33 months) completed the intervention, designed to improve parent–child relationships, parental self-regulation, self-efficacy and mental health, and child behaviour/emotional problems. An A–B single case experimental design series with follow-up and randomised baseline, used observational and self-report measures throughout. Linear mixed models demonstrated improvement in reciprocity and parental sensitivity over the treatment phase, with no evidence of shifts in scores at beginning or end of treatment. There was no evidence for changes in child engagement, negative states, intrusiveness or withdrawal. Reliable Change Index indicated improvement in parent-reported self-regulation, self-efficacy, stress and child emotional/behavioural problems from baseline to follow-up for all four mothers; depression showed reliable change for three. This study demonstrates relational change between young parents and their toddlers and provides preliminary data on the HHYP protocol.
Kemmis-Riggs, J, Dickes, A, Rogers, K, Berle, D & McAloon, J 2024, 'Improving Parent–Child Relationships for Young Parents in the Shadow of Complex Trauma: A Single-Case Experimental Design Series', Child Psychiatry & Human Development, vol. 55, no. 1, pp. 94-106.
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AbstractThis study provides a preliminary evaluation of a dyadic intervention for young parents with a history of complex trauma, Holding Hands Young Parents (HHYP). Four mothers (17–22 years) and toddlers (12–33 months) completed the intervention, designed to improve parent–child relationships, parental self-regulation, self-efficacy and mental health, and child behaviour/emotional problems. An A–B single case experimental design series with follow-up and randomised baseline, used observational and self-report measures throughout. Linear mixed models demonstrated improvement in reciprocity and parental sensitivity over the treatment phase, with no evidence of shifts in scores at beginning or end of treatment. There was no evidence for changes in child engagement, negative states, intrusiveness or withdrawal. Reliable Change Index indicated improvement in parent-reported self-regulation, self-efficacy, stress and child emotional/behavioural problems from baseline to follow-up for all four mothers; depression showed reliable change for three. This study demonstrates relational change between young parents and their toddlers and provides preliminary data on the HHYP protocol.
Maguire, PN, Clark, GI, Cosh, SM & Wootton, BM 2024, 'Exploring experiences, barriers and treatment preferences for self-reported perinatal anxiety in Australian women: a qualitative study', Australian Psychologist, vol. 59, no. 1, pp. 46-59.
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Schlesinger, H, Shiggins, C, Kneebone, II, Broomfield, NM & Ford, C 2024, 'Screening Depression and Suicidality in Post Stroke Aphasia: A Theory of Planned Behaviour Study', Aphasiology, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 440-461.
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Background: Clinical guidelines recommend screening for post-stroke depression, which is particularly important for people with post-stroke aphasia, due to increased risk of depression and suicidality. The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) suggests that behavioural intentions are influenced by three factors: attitudes, normative beliefs, and perceived behavioural control. It has been used to investigate staff intentions to perform post-stroke screening, but little is known about staff intentions to screen people with aphasia for depression or suicidality. Aims: We examined how UK stroke professionals describe screening for depression and suicidality with people with aphasia and whether the TPB predicts intent to screen depression with this population. Methods & Procedures: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey and used multiple regression to test whether attitudes, normative beliefs, and perceived behavioural control predicted intent to screen people with aphasia for depression and suicidality. To assess response stability over time we asked respondents to repeat the survey over a fortnight later. Results: One hundred and eighteen UK stroke professionals completed the survey between May and September 2020. Intent to screen people with aphasia for depression was high (M = 71.6%, SD = 34.7) but much lower for suicidality (M = 42.4%, SD = 39). Approximately half the variance in intent to screen for depression was predicted by the TPB, R 2 =.48, F (3,101) = 30.60, p <.001, with normative beliefs identified as a significant predictor, β =.62, p <.001. Responses were stable over time for those who repeated the survey (N = 13). Conclusions: More support is needed to help stroke professionals screen for depression and suicidality in people with post-stroke aphasia. Screening rates may be improved by communicating clear expectations that staff should screen all stroke survivors for depression and suicidality, developing aphasia-accessible screening tools ...
Sher, A, Wootton, BM & Paparo, J 2024, 'A preliminary investigation of the mediating roles of self‐compassion and emotion dysregulation in the relationship between maladaptive perfectionism and obsessive‐compulsive behaviors', Journal of Clinical Psychology, vol. 80, no. 3, pp. 591-609.
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AbstractIntroductionRecent research has highlighted an association between maladaptive perfectionism and obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD). However, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are not well understood. The primary aim of this preliminary study was to investigate whether self‐compassion and emotion dysregulation independently mediated this relationship. The secondary aim was to determine whether serial mediation existed between these factors. Whether these relations held for overall obsessive‐compulsive (OC) symptoms, versus distinct dimensions of OCD, was also of interest.MethodThree hundred and ninety‐two university students (Mage = 21.81, SD = 8.01), predominantly female (79.18%), participated in an online questionnaire that included a dimensional measure of OCD. Scales assessing maladaptive perfectionism, self‐compassion, emotion dysregulation, and negative emotion states were also included.ResultsGreater maladaptive perfectionism was related to more severe OCD. Emotion dysregulation, but not self‐compassion, independently mediated this relationship. A serial mediation relationship was found, in that greater maladaptive perfectionism was associated with lower self‐compassion, which was linked to greater emotion dysregulation, and in turn related to more severe OC behaviors. In addition, distinct patterns emerged for separate OC dimensions.ConclusionsThese findings highlight emotion regulation and self‐compassion as potential targets for OCD prevention, especially in individuals with symptoms in the symmetry and unacceptable thoughts dimensions.
Watson, P, Prior, K, Ridley, N, Monds, L, Manning, V, Wiers, RW & Le Pelley, ME 2024, 'Sign-tracking to non-drug reward is related to severity of alcohol-use problems in a sample of individuals seeking treatment', Addictive Behaviors, vol. 154, pp. 108010-108010.
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Watson, P, Thrailkill, EA, Corbit, LH & Bouton, ME 2024, 'Introduction to the special issue: Goal direction and habit in operant behavior', Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, vol. 121, no. 1, pp. 3-7.
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Wong, R, Veldre, A & Andrews, S 2024, 'Looking for immediate and downstream evidence of lexical prediction in eye movements during reading', Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.
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Previous investigations of whether readers make predictions about the full identity of upcoming words have focused on the extent to which there are processing consequences when readers encounter linguistic input that is incompatible with their expectations. To date, eye-movement studies have revealed inconsistent evidence of the processing costs that would be expected to accompany lexical prediction. This study investigated whether readers’ lexical predictions were observable during or downstream from their initial point of activation. Three experiments assessed readers’ eye movements to predictable and unpredictable words, and then to subsequent downstream words, which probed the lingering activation of previously expected words. The results showed novel evidence of processing costs for unexpected input but only when supported by a plausible linguistic environment, suggesting that readers could strategically modulate their predictive processing. However, there was limited evidence that their lexical predictions affected downstream processing. The implications of these findings for understanding the role of prediction in language processing are discussed.
Wootton, BM, McDonald, S, Melkonian, M, Karin, E, Titov, N & Dear, BF 2024, 'Efficacy and acceptability of a self-guided internet-delivered cognitive-behavioral educational program for obsessive-compulsive symptoms with international recruitment', Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 133-151.
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